Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700

Greenwich Mean Time


Introduction

The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.

As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.

The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.

The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.

Lunar Standstills Table Description

The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 1601 to 1700 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700 .

The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:

        A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ)
        
        where
        
        A = azimuth
        δ = declination of the Moon
        φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
        

The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.

Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia

The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 117 to 8 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.

For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.

Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1620

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

 
Year        Minimum        RA        Dec.               Maximum       RA        Dec.

 1601     Jan 02  10:52   17h11.4m  -25°05.6'       Jan 15  20:29   05h11.8m  +25°05.2'       
 1602     Jan 19  12:59   17h07.8m  -23°25.9'       Jan 06  05:27   05h07.2m  +23°27.7'       
 1603     Jan 09  13:03   17h10.0m  -21°46.2'       Jan 24  01:39   05h10.8m  +21°41.1'       
 1604     Jan 27  03:51   17h20.6m  -20°06.7'       Jan 14  09:11   05h19.2m  +20°10.9'       
 1605     Jan 16  19:10   17h35.1m  -19°00.5'       Jan 03  15:54   05h33.9m  +19°04.1'       
 1606     Dec 29  05:56   18h16.6m  -18°39.5'       Dec 15  07:48   06h14.7m  +18°39.9'       
 1607     Dec 19  20:58   18h34.5m  -19°28.2'       Dec 05  14:38   06h33.2m  +19°26.2'       
 1608     Dec 09  09:05   18h46.2m  -20°47.5'       Dec 22  07:00   06h47.5m  +20°48.7'       
 1609     Dec 26  22:08   18h53.1m  -22°26.3'       Dec 12  13:58   06h52.7m  +22°25.5'       
 1610     Dec 16  20:59   18h52.5m  -24°06.5'       Dec 30  09:16   06h52.4m  +24°06.2'       

 1611     Dec 06  15:38   18h46.6m  -25°40.1'       Nov 23  06:51   06h46.6m  +25°40.0'       
 1612     Nov 25  10:05   18h36.7m  -27°00.2'       Nov 12  14:14   06h37.3m  +27°00.8'       
 1613     Oct 18  23:05   18h25.4m  -28°00.9'       Nov 02  15:40   06h25.5m  +28°00.9'       
 1614     Oct 09  04:22   18h12.4m  -28°36.5'       Sep 26  01:37   06h12.3m  +28°35.7'       
 1615     Sep 29  13:19   17h58.0m  -28°45.8'       Sep 15  13:41   05h58.2m  +28°46.0'       
 1616     Mar 11  14:59   17h51.0m  -28°41.4'       Feb 26  05:17   05h51.1m  +28°40.6'       
 1617     Mar 01  18:46   17h37.9m  -28°11.2'       Feb 15  00:34   05h37.7m  +28°11.7'       
 1618     Jan 23  05:57   17h26.2m  -27°16.1'       Feb 05  04:06   05h25.8m  +27°16.5'       
 1619     Jan 12  22:37   17h15.7m  -26°00.2'       Jan 26  12:33   05h15.9m  +25°59.8'       
 1620     Jan 02  16:41   17h08.8m  -24°29.4'       Jan 16  21:08   05h09.1m  +24°28.2'       

Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1621 to 1640

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

 
Year        Minimum        RA        Dec.               Maximum       RA        Dec.

 1621     Jan 18  22:47   17h08.0m  -22°46.2'       Jan 06  03:32   05h07.2m  +22°48.3'       
 1622     Jan 09  06:44   17h12.3m  -21°07.5'       Jan 23  18:50   05h13.0m  +21°02.4'       
 1623     Jan 27  05:14   17h25.2m  -19°35.5'       Jan 13  21:58   05h24.0m  +19°40.7'       
 1624     Jan 17  23:27   17h42.7m  -18°42.6'       Jan 04  03:18   05h41.3m  +18°46.9'       
 1625     Dec 29  06:55   18h24.4m  -18°53.7'       Dec 14  21:19   06h22.9m  +18°53.4'       
 1626     Dec 19  18:24   18h40.0m  -19°56.8'       Dec 05  06:29   06h39.1m  +19°53.9'       
 1627     Dec 10  00:39   18h49.7m  -21°24.4'       Dec 23  03:57   06h50.7m  +21°25.1'       
 1628     Dec 26  07:02   18h53.8m  -23°04.6'       Dec 12  13:29   06h53.3m  +23°04.1'       
 1629     Dec 16  03:42   18h50.6m  -24°43.4'       Dec 02  22:37   06h50.4m  +24°43.3'       
 1630     Dec 06  00:46   18h42.8m  -26°13.3'       Nov 23  05:10   06h43.3m  +26°13.8'       

 1631     Oct 29  15:14   18h32.7m  -27°26.5'       Nov 13  05:23   06h32.9m  +27°26.6'       
 1632     Oct 18  21:35   18h20.5m  -28°17.2'       Oct 05  14:38   06h20.5m  +28°16.2'       
 1633     Oct 09  06:30   18h06.6m  -28°42.9'       Sep 25  02:51   06h06.8m  +28°43.1'       
 1634     Mar 22  07:45   17h59.4m  -28°46.8'       Mar 07  18:53   05h59.6m  +28°45.9'       
 1635     Mar 12  09:59   17h45.7m  -28°32.6'       Feb 25  15:26   05h45.6m  +28°33.0'       
 1636     Feb 02  19:39   17h32.9m  -27°52.0'       Feb 15  20:09   05h32.7m  +27°52.5'       
 1637     Jan 22  10:38   17h21.3m  -26°48.9'       Feb 05  05:07   05h21.3m  +26°48.4'       
 1638     Jan 12  03:59   17h12.4m  -25°27.1'       Jan 26  13:05   05h12.6m  +25°25.7'       
 1639     Jan 02  03:52   17h07.4m  -23°51.1'       Jan 16  17:22   05h07.8m  +23°49.3'       
 1640     Jan 19  18:28   17h08.9m  -22°05.2'       Jan 06  18:42   05h08.0m  +22°08.1'       

Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1641 to 1660

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

 
Year        Minimum        RA        Dec.               Maximum       RA        Dec.

 1641     Jan 09  08:00   17h15.6m  -20°31.3'       Jan 23  04:27   05h16.5m  +20°27.1'       
 1642     Jan 27  10:12   17h31.7m  -19°09.1'       Jan 13  07:30   05h30.4m  +19°15.2'       
 1643     Dec 12  05:01   18h09.4m  -18°32.9'       Jan 03  16:03   05h49.6m  +18°34.5'       
 1644     Dec 29  01:54   18h31.3m  -19°14.8'       Dec 14  16:47   06h30.2m  +19°13.5'       
 1645     Dec 19  08:12   18h45.0m  -20°28.9'       Dec 05  05:03   06h43.9m  +20°26.0'       
 1646     Dec 09  09:15   18h52.1m  -22°01.7'       Dec 23  04:27   06h52.6m  +22°02.2'       
 1647     Dec 26  15:37   18h53.1m  -23°43.0'       Dec 13  13:38   06h52.8m  +23°43.0'       
 1648     Dec 15  15:40   18h47.9m  -25°20.1'       Dec 02  19:16   06h48.1m  +25°20.4'       
 1649     Nov 08  07:38   18h39.3m  -26°43.9'       Nov 22  18:26   06h39.6m  +26°44.1'       
 1650     Oct 29  14:49   18h28.3m  -27°48.4'       Nov 12  10:55   06h28.2m  +27°47.6'       

 1651     Oct 19  23:31   18h15.2m  -28°30.1'       Oct 05  16:16   06h15.2m  +28°30.1'       
 1652     Sep 11  21:50   18h01.4m  -28°46.2'       Sep 24  09:50   06h01.4m  +28°47.0'       
 1653     Mar 22  01:00   17h54.3m  -28°44.2'       Mar 07  07:04   05h54.4m  +28°44.5'       
 1654     Feb 12  09:18   17h40.8m  -28°19.2'       Feb 25  12:53   05h40.7m  +28°19.8'       
 1655     Feb 01  23:00   17h28.0m  -27°30.3'       Feb 15  22:02   05h27.9m  +27°29.8'       
 1656     Jan 22  16:12   17h17.4m  -26°19.7'       Jan 09  18:53   05h17.6m  +26°19.4'       
 1657     Jan 11  16:51   17h10.1m  -24°50.7'       Jan 26  07:22   05h10.5m  +24°48.6'       
 1658     Jan 02  00:07   17h07.2m  -23°10.9'       Jan 16  05:33   05h07.5m  +23°08.9'       
 1659     Jan 19  21:06   17h11.2m  -21°25.8'       Jan 06  03:33   05h10.0m  +21°30.0'       
 1660     Jan 10  10:43   17h20.6m  -19°58.7'       Jan 23  12:48   05h21.6m  +19°55.1'       

Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1661 to 1680

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

 
Year        Minimum        RA        Dec.               Maximum       RA        Dec.

 1661     Jan 27  11:22   17h39.2m  -18°47.4'       Jan 12  21:24   05h37.9m  +18°53.6'       
 1662     Dec 11  23:34   18h17.6m  -18°44.3'       Dec 25  02:59   06h19.3m  +18°44.6'       
 1663     Dec 29  14:19   18h37.8m  -19°40.3'       Dec 15  17:33   06h36.7m  +19°38.8'       
 1664     Dec 18  17:31   18h48.9m  -21°02.8'       Dec 05  07:22   06h47.8m  +21°00.6'       
 1665     Dec 08  18:24   18h53.1m  -22°40.5'       Dec 23  03:36   06h53.4m  +22°41.1'       
 1666     Dec 26  06:36   18h51.6m  -24°21.9'       Dec 13  08:22   06h51.6m  +24°22.2'       
 1667     Nov 19  00:09   18h45.0m  -25°54.1'       Dec 03  06:48   06h45.3m  +25°54.3'       
 1668     Nov 08  07:54   18h35.4m  -27°10.9'       Nov 21  23:31   06h35.3m  +27°10.2'       
 1669     Oct 29  16:10   18h23.5m  -28°07.5'       Oct 15  05:55   06h23.3m  +28°07.3'       
 1670     Sep 22  13:34   18h10.5m  -28°39.4'       Oct 05  01:20   06h10.4m  +28°40.3'       

 1671     Apr 01  15:46   18h03.4m  -28°45.7'       Mar 17  23:21   06h03.7m  +28°45.9'       
 1672     Feb 22  22:53   17h49.4m  -28°36.8'       Mar 07  06:08   05h49.5m  +28°37.5'       
 1673     Feb 11  11:43   17h35.7m  -28°03.4'       Feb 25  15:09   05h35.5m  +28°02.9'       
 1674     Feb 01  05:16   17h23.6m  -27°05.8'       Jan 19  11:33   05h24.1m  +27°05.4'       
 1675     Jan 22  07:01   17h14.5m  -25°46.4'       Jan 09  11:21   05h14.9m  +25°46.6'       
 1676     Jan 12  15:07   17h09.2m  -24°11.8'       Jan 26  16:48   05h09.4m  +24°09.3'       
 1677     Jan 02  01:16   17h08.1m  -22°31.5'       Jan 15  12:10   05h08.2m  +22°29.6'       
 1678     Jan 19  23:10   17h14.7m  -20°48.5'       Jan 05  12:53   05h13.4m  +20°53.6'       
 1679     Jan 10  09:04   17h26.4m  -19°29.3'       Jan 23  04:12   05h27.8m  +19°25.6'       
 1680     Jan 28  04:43   17h47.1m  -18°32.5'       Jan 13  19:43   05h45.9m  +18°37.5'       

Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1681 to 1700

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

 
Year        Minimum        RA        Dec.               Maximum       RA        Dec.

 1681     Dec 11  11:51   18h25.7m  -19°01.1'       Dec 25  05:27   06h27.3m  +19°01.4'       
 1682     Dec 29  01:03   18h43.1m  -20°09.0'       Dec 15  19:50   06h42.1m  +20°08.0'       
 1683     Dec 19  05:39   18h51.3m  -21°39.7'       Dec 06  07:36   06h50.4m  +21°38.4'       
 1684     Dec 08  10:21   18h53.2m  -23°20.5'       Dec 22  20:17   06h53.5m  +23°21.0'       
 1685     Nov 28  16:34   18h49.5m  -24°58.6'       Dec 12  18:26   06h49.7m  +24°58.8'       
 1686     Nov 19  00:39   18h41.4m  -26°25.6'       Dec 02  11:55   06h41.4m  +26°25.1'       
 1687     Nov 09  08:17   18h31.0m  -27°35.6'       Oct 25  19:47   06h30.7m  +27°35.4'       
 1688     Oct 02  04:45   18h19.4m  -28°22.6'       Oct 14  17:16   06h19.2m  +28°23.6'       
 1689     Sep 21  21:47   18h05.8m  -28°44.5'       Oct 04  21:44   06h06.3m  +28°44.5'       
 1690     Mar 04  12:18   17h58.4m  -28°44.5'       Mar 17  23:38   05h58.8m  +28°45.4'       

 1691     Feb 22  00:49   17h44.0m  -28°27.3'       Mar 08  08:16   05h43.7m  +28°27.0'       
 1692     Feb 11  19:10   17h30.9m  -27°44.2'       Jan 30  04:02   05h31.4m  +27°43.8'       
 1693     Jan 31  22:09   17h20.5m  -26°36.6'       Jan 19  01:45   05h20.9m  +26°36.8'       
 1694     Jan 22  06:59   17h13.1m  -25°10.1'       Jan 08  20:00   05h12.6m  +25°11.2'       
 1695     Jan 12  16:45   17h09.2m  -23°32.9'       Jan 25  21:50   05h08.9m  +23°30.4'       
 1696     Jan 03  00:46   17h09.7m  -21°52.6'       Jan 15  21:44   05h10.3m  +21°50.5'       
 1697     Jan 19  18:40   17h18.7m  -20°13.3'       Jan 05  05:48   05h17.8m  +20°18.2'       
 1698     Jan 10  00:27   17h33.1m  -19°05.4'       Jan 23  04:55   05h34.7m  +19°00.9'       
 1699     Dec 21  16:05   18h14.6m  -18°37.7'       Dec 08  04:14   06h13.2m  +18°35.6'       
 1700     Dec 11  23:27   18h32.7m  -19°22.5'       Dec 26  06:59   06h34.0m  +19°23.4'       

Acknowledgement

All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).

Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:

    "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".


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