Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 2301 to 2400 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 495 to 798 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2320
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2301 Nov 06 09:05 18h34.2m -27°15.6' Nov 20 07:49 06h34.4m +27°15.0' 2302 Oct 27 00:47 18h21.5m -28°09.3' Oct 14 08:37 06h21.8m +28°09.0' 2303 Oct 16 22:31 18h08.3m -28°37.0' Oct 04 08:47 06h08.1m +28°37.7' 2304 Mar 28 21:08 18h01.4m -28°41.4' Mar 16 02:28 06h01.2m +28°41.5' 2305 Feb 19 23:42 17h47.5m -28°28.3' Mar 05 15:39 05h47.4m +28°29.1' 2306 Feb 10 07:24 17h35.0m -27°51.7' Feb 23 05:00 05h34.4m +27°51.5' 2307 Jan 31 10:25 17h24.3m -26°50.5' Jan 16 19:31 05h23.6m +26°49.9' 2308 Jan 21 07:42 17h14.7m -25°28.3' Jan 06 22:54 05h14.7m +25°28.4' 2309 Jan 10 02:15 17h08.2m -23°52.9' Jan 23 15:22 05h09.0m +23°50.5' 2310 Jan 27 06:13 17h09.4m -22°06.7' Jan 14 02:15 05h08.6m +22°10.1' 2311 Jan 17 09:16 17h16.5m -20°32.5' Jan 04 12:11 05h15.1m +20°35.2' 2312 Jan 07 19:53 17h29.4m -19°16.2' Jan 22 08:28 05h30.5m +19°11.2' 2313 Dec 19 03:10 18h08.4m -18°26.9' Jan 11 16:02 05h48.6m +18°29.4' 2314 Dec 09 19:37 18h28.2m -19°02.6' Dec 23 07:31 06h29.4m +19°04.8' 2315 Dec 27 20:37 18h44.6m -20°15.9' Dec 13 12:55 06h43.7m +20°15.0' 2316 Dec 17 05:38 18h51.4m -21°49.5' Dec 30 03:50 06h52.2m +21°49.7' 2317 Dec 07 09:00 18h52.8m -23°30.6' Dec 20 10:10 06h53.0m +23°30.8' 2318 Nov 27 05:28 18h48.9m -25°07.2' Dec 10 17:07 06h48.8m +25°07.2' 2319 Nov 16 21:45 18h40.3m -26°32.2' Dec 01 00:24 06h40.5m +26°31.6' 2320 Nov 05 15:29 18h28.9m -27°39.5' Oct 24 00:08 06h29.4m +27°39.3'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2321 to 2340
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2321 Oct 26 14:55 18h16.4m -28°22.7' Oct 13 22:59 06h16.5m +28°23.3' 2322 Sep 19 14:47 18h02.7m -28°40.2' Oct 03 13:59 06h02.7m +28°40.2' 2323 Mar 02 16:57 17h55.5m -28°38.6' Mar 16 04:29 05h55.6m +28°39.5' 2324 Feb 21 00:07 17h42.1m -28°18.0' Mar 04 18:06 05h41.8m +28°17.8' 2325 Feb 10 01:31 17h30.1m -27°30.8' Jan 26 09:38 05h29.7m +27°30.0' 2326 Jan 30 20:35 17h19.2m -26°19.9' Jan 16 14:18 05h19.1m +26°20.1' 2327 Jan 20 13:02 17h10.9m -24°52.2' Jan 06 21:50 05h10.8m +24°52.8' 2328 Jan 10 08:41 17h07.4m -23°14.4' Jan 24 16:48 05h08.0m +23°10.8' 2329 Jan 26 17:54 17h11.6m -21°27.3' Jan 14 00:12 05h10.4m +21°30.9' 2330 Jan 17 05:00 17h20.5m -19°58.2' Jan 04 05:54 05h19.1m +20°01.4' 2331 Jan 07 20:54 17h35.5m -18°53.5' Jan 21 20:53 05h36.8m +18°49.7' 2332 Dec 19 06:18 18h17.1m -18°36.1' Dec 05 03:51 06h15.3m +18°34.7' 2333 Dec 09 21:26 18h34.6m -19°26.8' Dec 22 21:08 06h36.0m +19°28.4' 2334 Dec 27 15:57 18h48.2m -20°51.0' Dec 13 05:11 06h47.6m +20°49.5' 2335 Dec 17 19:03 18h53.1m -22°28.6' Dec 31 01:19 06h53.5m +22°28.5' 2336 Dec 06 16:18 18h52.0m -24°08.3' Dec 20 09:27 06h52.0m +24°08.2' 2337 Nov 26 10:34 18h45.7m -25°41.8' Dec 10 16:31 06h45.7m +25°41.3' 2338 Nov 16 06:36 18h35.9m -27°01.1' Nov 03 14:59 06h36.4m +27°00.8' 2339 Nov 06 07:42 18h24.3m -27°58.6' Oct 24 12:38 06h24.5m +27°59.1' 2340 Sep 29 08:01 18h11.1m -28°32.0' Oct 13 02:57 06h11.1m +28°32.2'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2341 to 2360
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2341 Sep 19 16:45 17h56.8m -28°40.5' Mar 25 17:30 06h04.0m +28°39.7' 2342 Mar 02 16:40 17h49.9m -28°34.6' Mar 15 07:52 05h49.8m +28°34.5' 2343 Feb 20 16:20 17h36.9m -28°02.6' Feb 06 00:33 05h36.7m +28°01.6' 2344 Feb 10 09:24 17h24.9m -27°04.9' Jan 27 06:25 05h24.8m +27°05.1' 2345 Jan 02 17:28 17h14.9m -25°47.6' Jan 16 14:22 05h14.9m +25°48.1' 2346 Jan 19 19:13 17h08.8m -24°15.1' Jan 06 20:54 05h08.4m +24°16.2' 2347 Jan 09 21:59 17h07.6m -22°34.4' Jan 24 12:26 05h08.1m +22°30.2' 2348 Jan 27 15:39 17h14.0m -20°48.5' Jan 14 14:30 05h12.8m +20°53.0' 2349 Jan 17 07:51 17h25.6m -19°28.1' Jan 03 17:18 05h24.2m +19°32.4' 2350 Jan 08 00:31 17h43.5m -18°36.7' Jan 21 06:54 05h44.7m +18°33.8' 2351 Dec 20 06:11 18h24.7m -18°51.9' Dec 05 18:40 06h23.3m +18°49.4' 2352 Dec 09 16:47 18h40.2m -19°56.5' Dec 22 16:58 06h41.7m +19°57.4' 2353 Dec 27 03:48 18h51.2m -21°27.6' Dec 13 03:49 06h50.5m +21°26.2' 2354 Dec 17 02:38 18h53.6m -23°06.8' Dec 31 01:12 06h53.5m +23°06.5' 2355 Dec 06 23:30 18h49.9m -24°45.8' Dec 21 07:57 06h49.9m +24°45.3' 2356 Nov 25 22:04 18h42.1m -26°14.9' Nov 13 05:02 06h42.5m +26°14.7' 2357 Nov 16 00:45 18h31.7m -27°25.4' Nov 03 01:44 06h32.0m +27°25.8' 2358 Oct 10 01:16 18h19.5m -28°14.0' Oct 23 15:53 06h19.4m +28°14.2' 2359 Sep 30 09:37 18h05.5m -28°38.9' Oct 13 05:16 06h05.5m +28°38.2' 2360 Mar 12 09:00 17h58.4m -28°41.2' Mar 24 22:19 05h58.4m +28°41.2'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2361 to 2380
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2361 Mar 02 06:58 17h44.7m -28°25.1' Mar 14 21:46 05h44.6m +28°24.2' 2362 Feb 19 22:16 17h31.8m -27°42.1' Feb 05 23:10 05h31.7m +27°42.3' 2363 Jan 13 05:24 17h20.5m -26°37.1' Jan 27 07:15 05h20.4m +26°37.7' 2364 Jan 03 01:02 17h11.8m -25°14.3' Jan 17 12:35 05h11.9m +25°14.2' 2365 Jan 19 10:15 17h07.8m -23°35.3' Jan 06 14:26 05h07.3m +23°37.0' 2366 Jan 09 20:22 17h08.7m -21°54.0' Jan 23 23:34 05h09.3m +21°50.1' 2367 Jan 27 19:42 17h17.9m -20°12.9' Jan 13 23:14 05h16.7m +20°18.7' 2368 Jan 18 11:16 17h32.4m -19°02.6' Jan 04 03:57 05h30.9m +19°07.5' 2369 Dec 29 13:26 18h13.0m -18°29.7' Dec 15 02:49 06h11.5m +18°29.0' 2370 Dec 19 23:13 18h31.7m -19°14.0' Dec 05 16:01 06h30.4m +19°10.8' 2371 Dec 10 04:14 18h45.2m -20°28.8' Dec 23 17:31 06h46.2m +20°29.6' 2372 Dec 26 12:24 18h53.1m -22°04.7' Dec 13 05:06 06h52.3m +22°03.9' 2373 Dec 16 12:26 18h52.7m -23°45.9' Dec 30 22:27 06h52.6m +23°45.4' 2374 Dec 06 13:45 18h47.4m -25°22.2' Nov 23 18:12 06h47.5m +25°22.0' 2375 Nov 26 17:55 18h38.5m -26°43.8' Nov 13 14:16 06h38.7m +26°44.2' 2376 Oct 19 18:21 18h27.3m -27°46.5' Nov 02 04:46 06h27.2m +27°46.8' 2377 Oct 10 02:11 18h14.3m -28°27.3' Oct 22 19:32 06h14.0m +28°26.7' 2378 Sep 30 03:25 18h00.4m -28°41.0' Sep 15 09:04 06h00.7m +28°40.9' 2379 Mar 12 21:25 17h53.4m -28°37.9' Mar 25 14:21 05h53.5m +28°37.0' 2380 Mar 01 11:14 17h39.7m -28°10.6' Feb 16 16:24 05h39.7m +28°10.8'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2381 to 2400
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2381 Jan 22 17:51 17h27.2m -27°19.4' Feb 06 00:18 05h27.0m +27°20.2' 2382 Jan 12 14:01 17h16.8m -26°07.6' Jan 27 04:20 05h17.0m +26°07.5' 2383 Jan 02 17:14 17h09.9m -24°37.4' Jan 17 03:39 05h10.1m +24°36.8' 2384 Jan 20 10:28 17h08.1m -22°54.5' Jan 07 00:29 05h07.2m +22°57.1' 2385 Jan 09 22:43 17h11.3m -21°15.7' Jan 23 06:15 05h11.8m +21°12.3' 2386 Jan 27 22:12 17h23.3m -19°40.3' Jan 13 09:51 05h22.0m +19°47.0' 2387 Jan 18 09:29 17h39.9m -18°42.1' Jan 03 20:42 05h38.4m +18°46.5' 2388 Dec 29 04:11 18h21.2m -18°42.7' Dec 15 02:56 06h19.8m +18°41.3' 2389 Dec 19 10:21 18h38.2m -19°39.8' Dec 05 18:19 06h36.9m +19°36.9' 2390 Dec 09 13:16 18h48.8m -21°03.3' Dec 23 18:30 06h49.5m +21°04.3' 2391 Dec 27 01:12 18h53.6m -22°43.9' Dec 14 03:17 06h53.1m +22°43.7' 2392 Dec 16 05:29 18h51.3m -24°24.4' Dec 03 06:22 06h51.2m +24°24.3' 2393 Dec 06 11:01 18h44.3m -25°54.9' Nov 23 02:15 06h44.5m +25°55.3' 2394 Oct 30 11:03 18h34.4m -27°10.2' Nov 12 17:37 06h34.2m +27°10.5' 2395 Oct 20 18:15 18h22.7m -28°05.9' Nov 02 10:14 06h22.2m +28°05.4' 2396 Oct 09 18:15 18h09.7m -28°35.6' Sep 25 01:16 06h10.0m +28°35.3' 2397 Mar 22 11:36 18h02.6m -28°40.6' Apr 04 07:28 06h02.9m +28°39.8' 2398 Mar 12 00:19 17h48.3m -28°29.8' Feb 26 09:54 05h48.4m +28°29.8' 2399 Mar 01 13:24 17h34.6m -27°53.6' Feb 16 17:20 05h34.5m +27°54.5' 2400 Jan 23 03:57 17h23.0m -26°54.5' Feb 06 19:58 05h23.4m +26°54.4'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.